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  "image_count": 15,
  "publication_count": 14,
  "pdf_count": 7,
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  "species": [
    {
      "name": "光泽肋鳞鱼",
      "latin": "Peltopleurus nitidus",
      "notes_en": "Species identification supported by the original description. Wikipedia coverage is genus-level. Institution/publisher figures are exact-species sources but are below 1,000 pixels; a print master was not found.",
      "notes_zh": "原始描述支持物种对应。维基仅有属级条目。已取得准确物种的机构及出版商图片，但均不足1000像素，尚未找到印刷级原图。"
    },
    {
      "name": "双翼鱼",
      "latin": "Dipterus",
      "notes_en": "The label identifies a genus. Images and direct anatomical research use Dipterus valenciennesi as a documented representative.",
      "notes_zh": "展签为属级名称；图片和直接解剖研究采用有明确鉴定的代表种 Dipterus valenciennesi。"
    },
    {
      "name": "早期爬行动物",
      "latin": "Early reptiles (unspecified)",
      "notes_en": "No species identity can be inferred from this broad label. Captorhinus images are explicitly comparative early Permian examples.",
      "notes_zh": "展签未指定物种，无法确定标本身份。Captorhinus 图片仅为早二叠世爬行动物比较材料。"
    },
    {
      "name": "弓鳍鱼",
      "latin": "Amia (bowfin)",
      "notes_en": "The label identifies Amia. Older publications and images use Amia calva; retain that source identification without assigning the exhibit specimen to a species.",
      "notes_zh": "展签为弓鳍鱼属 Amia。早期论文和图片沿用 Amia calva，保留来源原鉴定，不据此确定展品种名。"
    },
    {
      "name": "中华狼鳍鱼",
      "latin": "Lycoptera sinensis",
      "notes_en": "The NHM holotype photograph is an exact-species match. Other downloaded images show L. davidi or a genus reconstruction and are labelled as comparisons. Wikipedia is genus-level.",
      "notes_zh": "伦敦自然历史博物馆正模照片为准确物种对应。其余图片为戴氏狼鳍鱼或属级复原图，均明确标记为比较材料。维基为属级条目。"
    },
    {
      "name": "豹纹鳃棘鲈",
      "latin": "Plectropomus leopardus",
      "notes_en": "Wikipedia and downloaded photographs match the species. Chinese Wikipedia uses the shorter title 鳃棘鲈.",
      "notes_zh": "维基与下载照片对应同一物种；中文维基条目标题为鳃棘鲈。"
    }
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      "summary_en": "Describes P. nitidus from 11 Luoping specimens and compares a modified male anal fin. The anatomy supports internal fertilization; it is not direct evidence of embryos or live birth.",
      "summary_zh": "依据罗平11件标本命名该种，比较雄性特化臀鳍。结构支持体内受精，不能等同于发现胚胎或直接证明胎生。",
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    {
      "species": "光泽肋鳞鱼",
      "key": "pelt_related",
      "doi": "10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.171225",
      "title": "A large peltopleurid fish (Actinopterygii: Peltopleuriformes) from the Middle Triassic of Yunnan and Guizhou, China",
      "journal": "Vertebrata PalAsiatica",
      "year": 2018,
      "scope": "Related species P. tyrannos; comparison only",
      "selection": "Specialist comparative paper",
      "summary_en": "Describes a larger relative, P. tyrannos, and compares peltopleurid morphology and feeding diversity. This is supplementary context, not another description of P. nitidus.",
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      "doi": "10.1002/spp2.1016",
      "title": "The cranial endocast of the Middle Devonian dipnoan Dipterus valenciennesi and a fossilized dipnoan otoconial mass",
      "journal": "Papers in Palaeontology",
      "year": 2015,
      "scope": "Direct genus representative D. valenciennesi",
      "selection": "Direct specialist anatomical paper",
      "summary_en": "Micro-CT reveals a mixture of ancestral and derived endocranial features, including a preserved otoconial mass. Comparisons suggest changes in sensory function and activity through lungfish evolution.",
      "summary_zh": "显微CT揭示其颅内结构兼有祖征和衍征，并报道耳石团保存；比较结果用于讨论肺鱼感觉功能和活动方式的演化。",
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      "doi": "10.7554/eLife.73461",
      "title": "Morphometric analysis of lungfish endocasts elucidates early dipnoan palaeoneurological evolution",
      "journal": "eLife",
      "year": 2022,
      "scope": "Comparative dataset includes Dipterus",
      "selection": "Major comparative research",
      "summary_en": "Compares 12 lungfish endocasts using 17 measurements. Different sensory regions vary independently, showing that endocranial evolution was uneven rather than a single uniform change.",
      "summary_zh": "采用17项测量比较12个肺鱼内模，不同感觉相关区域表现出不同变化模式，显示颅内形态并非同步均一演化。",
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        "abstract": "<jats:p>The lobe-finned fish, lungfish (Dipnoi, Sarcoptergii), have persisted for ~400 million years from the Devonian Period to present day. The evolution of their dermal skull and dentition is relatively well understood, but this is not the case for the central nervous system. While the brain has poor preservation potential and is not currently known in any fossil lungfish, substantial indirect information about it and associated structures (e.g. labyrinths) can be obtained from the cranial endocast. However, before the recent development of X-ray tomography as a palaeontological tool, these endocasts could not be studied non-destructively, and few detailed studies were undertaken. Here, we describe and illustrate the endocasts of six Palaeozoic lungfish from tomographic scans. We combine these with six previously described digital lungfish endocasts (4 fossil and 2 recent taxa) into a 12-taxon dataset for multivariate morphometric analysis using 17 variables. We find that the olfactory region is more highly plastic than the hindbrain, and undergoes significant elongation in several taxa. Further, while the semicircular canals covary as an integrated module, the utriculus and sacculus vary independently of each other. Functional interpretation suggests that olfaction has remained a dominant sense throughout lungfish evolution, and changes in the labyrinth may potentially reflect a change from nektonic to near-shore environmental niches. Phylogenetic implications show that endocranial form fails to support monophyly of the ‘chirodipterids’. Those with elongated crania similarly fail to form a distinct clade, suggesting these two paraphyletic groups have converged towards either head elongation or truncation driven by non-phylogenetic constraints.</jats:p>",
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      "title": "Successive climate crises in the deep past drove the early evolution and radiation of reptiles",
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      "title": "Earliest amniote tracks recalibrate the timeline of tetrapod evolution",
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      "summary_en": "Reports clawed tracks interpreted as early crown amniotes, potentially extending their record by 35–40 million years. Trackmaker identity is an inference; this does not identify the exhibit animal.",
      "summary_zh": "报道被解释为早期冠群羊膜动物的具爪足迹，可能将记录前推3500万至4000万年。造迹者身份属推断，不能用于鉴定展品。",
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        "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The known fossil record of crown-group amniotes begins in the late Carboniferous with the sauropsid trackmaker <jats:italic>Notalacerta</jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>1,2</jats:sup> and the sauropsid body fossil <jats:italic>Hylonomus</jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>1–4</jats:sup>. The earliest body fossils of crown-group tetrapods are mid-Carboniferous, and the oldest trackways are early Carboniferous<jats:sup>5–7</jats:sup>. This suggests that the tetrapod crown group originated in the earliest Carboniferous (early Tournaisian), with the amniote crown group appearing in the early part of the late Carboniferous. Here we present new trackway data from Australia that challenge this widely accepted timeline. A track-bearing slab from the Snowy Plains Formation of Victoria, Taungurung Country, securely dated to the early Tournaisian<jats:sup>8,9</jats:sup>, shows footprints from a crown-group amniote with clawed feet, most probably a primitive sauropsid. This pushes back the likely origin of crown-group amniotes by at least 35–40 million years. We also extend the range of <jats:italic>Notalacerta</jats:italic> into the early Carboniferous. The Australian tracks indicate that the amniote crown-group node cannot be much younger than the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary, and that the tetrapod crown-group node must be located deep within the Devonian; an estimate based on molecular-tree branch lengths suggests an approximate age of early Frasnian for the latter. The implications for the early evolution of tetrapods are profound; all stem-tetrapod and stem-amniote lineages must have originated during the Devonian. It seems that tetrapod evolution proceeded much faster, and the Devonian tetrapod record is much less complete, than has been thought.</jats:p>",
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      "species": "中华狼鳍鱼",
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      "summary_zh": "记述辽西中华狼鳍鱼材料，并有图版II第2图；相较热河生物群综述，该文更直接用于物种鉴别。",
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        "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The study of the Early Cretaceous terrestrial Jehol Biota, which provides a rare window for reconstruction of a Lower Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem, is reviewed with a focus on some of the latest progress. A newly proposed definition of the biota based on paleoecology and taphonomy is accepted. Although the Jehol fossils are mainly preserved in two types of sedimentary rocks, there are various types of preservation with a complex mechanism that remains to be understood. New discoveries of significant taxa from the Jehol Biota, with an updated introduction of its diversity, confirm that the Jehol Biota represents one of the most diversified biotas of the Mesozoic. The evolutionary significance of major biological groups (e.g. dinosaurs, birds, mammals, pterosaurs, insects, and plants) is discussed mainly in the light of recent discoveries, and some of the most remarkable aspects of the biota are highlighted. The global and local geological, paleogeographic, and paleoenvironmental background of the Jehol Biota have contributed to the unique composition, evolution, and preservation of the biota, demonstrating widespread faunal exchanges between Asia and other continents caused by the presence of the Eurasia–North American continental mass and its link to South America, and confirming northeastern China as the origin and diversification center for a variety of Cretaceous biological groups. Although some progress has been made on the reconstruction of the paleotemperature at the time of the Jehol Biota, much more work is needed to confirm a possible link between the remarkable diversity of the biota and the cold intervals during the Early Cretaceous. Finally, future directions for the study of the Jehol Biota are proposed that highlight the great potential of more comprehensive and multidisciplinary studies to further our understanding of the biological and geological implications of the Jehol Lagerstätte.</jats:p>",
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