Source / 来源: 讲解手册/珍奇柜-面孔展签三审反_0923.pdf
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鳐鱼
颌与鳃弓 : 共同的发育蓝图
鳐类属于软骨鱼类， 其颌和咽弓骨骼保
留了有颌脊椎动物咽弓骨骼的基本分区， 
是研究颌与咽弓发育和演化的重要现生
比较材料。在有颌脊椎动物的胚胎发育过
程中，第一咽弓(颌弓)形成颌部支撑结构； 
在软骨鱼类中， 其主要背、 腹侧软骨分别
为腭方软骨和麦氏软骨。 第二咽弓形成舌
弓； 在鳐类中， 舌颌软骨参与颌的悬挂， 
颌通常不直接与脑颅形成关节连接。 对鳐
类胚胎的研究表明， 颌弓、 舌弓和鳃弓共
享多种背腹轴发育调控机制， 说明颌与鳃
弓建立在相互关联的发育框架之上。可活
动颌的形成扩大了脊椎动物获取和处理
食物的方式，是有颌脊椎动物早期演化中
的一项重要结构创新。
Batoidea
Jaws and Gill Arches: A Shared Developmental Plan
Batoids are cartilaginous fishes. Their jaw and pharyngeal-arch 
skeletons retain the basic regional organization of the gnathostome 
pharyngeal skeleton, making them valuable living comparative 
material for studying the development and evolution of jaws and 
pharyngeal arches. During embryonic development in jawed 
vertebrates, the first pharyngeal arch, or mandibular arch, gives rise 
to the supporting structures of the jaws; in chondrichthyans, its 
principal dorsal and ventral cartilages are the palatoquadrate and 
Meckel's cartilage, respectively. The second pharyngeal arch forms 
the hyoid arch; in batoids, the hyomandibular cartilage contributes to 
jaw suspension, and the jaws typically do not articulate directly with 
the neurocranium. Studies of batoid embryos show that the 
mandibular, hyoid, and gill arches share multiple dorsoventral 
patterning mechanisms, indicating that jaws and gill arches are built 
upon related developmental rameworks. The evolution of movable 
jaws expanded the ways in which vertebrates could capture and 
process food and was a major structural innovation in the early 
evolution of jawed vertebrates.