中文题名 / Chinese title: 三个鳄类基因组揭示初龙类祖先演化模式
英文题名 / English title: Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs.
作者 / Authors: Green RE, Braun EL, Armstrong J, Earl D, Nguyen N, Hickey G, Vandewege MW, St John JA, Capella-Gutiérrez S, Castoe TA, Kern C, Fujita MK, Opazo JC, Jurka J, Kojima KK, Caballero J, Hubley RM, Smit AF, Platt RN, Lavoie CA, Ramakodi MP, Finger JW, Suh A, Isberg SR, Miles L, Chong AY, Jaratlerdsiri W, Gongora J, Moran C, Iriarte A, McCormack J, Burgess SC, Edwards SV, Lyons E, Williams C, Breen M, Howard JT, Gresham CR, Peterson DG, Schmitz J, Pollock DD, Haussler D, Triplett EW, Zhang G, Irie N, Jarvis ED, Brochu CA, Schmidt CJ, McCarthy FM, Faircloth BC, Hoffmann FG, Glenn TC, Gabaldón T, Paten B, Ray DA.
期刊 / Journal: Science
年份 / Year: 2014
DOI: 10.1126/science.1254449
论文链接 / Article: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254449
摘要来源 / Abstract source: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/25504731

英文摘要原文 / Original English abstract
To provide context for the diversification of archosaurs--the group that includes crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds--we generated draft genomes of three crocodilians: Alligator mississippiensis (the American alligator), Crocodylus porosus (the saltwater crocodile), and Gavialis gangeticus (the Indian gharial). We observed an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels, including nucleotide substitutions, indels, transposable element content and movement, gene family evolution, and chromosomal synteny. When placed within the context of related taxa including birds and turtles, this suggests that the common ancestor of all of these taxa also exhibited slow genome evolution and that the comparatively rapid evolution is derived in birds. The data also provided the opportunity to analyze heterozygosity in crocodilians, which indicates a likely reduction in population size for all three taxa through the Pleistocene. Finally, these data combined with newly published bird genomes allowed us to reconstruct the partial genome of the common ancestor of archosaurs, thereby providing a tool to investigate the genetic starting material of crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs.

摘要依据的主要发现 / Findings based on the abstract
美洲短吻鳄、湾鳄和恒河鳄基因组在序列、基因家族、转座元件和染色体共线性等层面均变化极慢。与鸟类比较可重建部分初龙类祖先基因组。
American alligator, saltwater crocodile and gharial genomes show exceptionally slow changes across sequence, gene families, transposable elements and chromosomal synteny. Comparisons with birds reconstruct parts of the ancestral archosaur genome.

摘要依据的结论 / Conclusions based on the abstract
缓慢基因组演化可能是这些爬行动物的祖征，鸟类较快的演化速率则为衍生状态；这些基因组提供初龙类分化基线。
Slow genomic evolution may be ancestral for these reptiles, with faster rates derived in birds; the genomes provide a baseline for archosaur diversification.

可用全文文件 / Available full-text files