中文题名 / Chinese title: 巨噬细胞是成年蝾螈肢体再生所必需的
英文题名 / English title: Macrophages are required for adult salamander limb regeneration.
作者 / Authors: Godwin JW, Pinto AR, Pinto AR, Rosenthal NA.
期刊 / Journal: PNAS
年份 / Year: 2013
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300290110
论文链接 / Article: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300290110
摘要来源 / Abstract source: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/23690624

英文摘要原文 / Original English abstract
The failure to replace damaged body parts in adult mammals results from a muted growth response and fibrotic scarring. Although infiltrating immune cells play a major role in determining the variable outcome of mammalian wound repair, little is known about the modulation of immune cell signaling in efficiently regenerating species such as the salamander, which can regrow complete body structures as adults. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of immune signaling during limb regeneration in axolotl, an aquatic salamander, and reveal a temporally defined requirement for macrophage infiltration in the regenerative process. Although many features of mammalian cytokine/chemokine signaling are retained in the axolotl, they are more dynamically deployed, with simultaneous induction of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers within the first 24 h after limb amputation. Systemic macrophage depletion during this period resulted in wound closure but permanent failure of limb regeneration, associated with extensive fibrosis and disregulation of extracellular matrix component gene expression. Full limb regenerative capacity of failed stumps was restored by reamputation once endogenous macrophage populations had been replenished. Promotion of a regeneration-permissive environment by identification of macrophage-derived therapeutic molecules may therefore aid in the regeneration of damaged body parts in adult mammals.

摘要依据的主要发现 / Findings based on the abstract
在美西螈中，早期清除巨噬细胞允许伤口闭合，却阻止肢体再生并导致纤维化；巨噬细胞恢复后再次截肢可重新启动再生。
Early macrophage depletion in axolotls allowed wound closure but prevented limb regeneration and produced fibrosis. Regeneration returned after macrophage recovery when the stump was amputated again.

摘要依据的结论 / Conclusions based on the abstract
特定时段的免疫细胞活动有助于形成允许再生的环境；伤口愈合并不等同于成功再生。
Timed immune-cell activity helps establish a regeneration-permissive environment; successful healing is not equivalent to successful regeneration.

可用全文文件 / Available full-text files