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  1. Metacrinus angulatus (Haeckel) = Saracrinus angulatus (Carpenter, 1884), habitus
    2. \n
  2. Pentacrinus Maclearanus (Haeckel) = Endoxocrinus maclearanus (Thomson, 1872), habitus
    3. \n
  3. Pentacrinus Wyville-Thomsonii (Haeckel) = Endoxocrinus wyvillethomsoni (Huxley, 1859), habitus
    4. \n
  4. Pentacrinus Wyville-Thomsonii (Haeckel) = Endoxocrinus wyvillethomsoni (Jeffreys, 1870), stem ossicle
    5. \n
  5. Pentacrinus Wyville-Thomsonii (Haeckel) = Endoxocrinus wyvillethomsoni (Jeffreys, 1870), stem ossicle
    6. \n
  6. Pentacrinus Wyville-Thomsonii (Haeckel) = Endoxocrinus wyvillethomsoni (Jeffreys, 1870), stem ossicle
    7. \n
  7. Metacrinus angulatus (Haeckel) = Saracrinus angulatus (Carpenter, 1884), stem ossicle
    8. \n
  8. Metacrinus angulatus (Haeckel) = Saracrinus angulatus (Carpenter, 1884), stem ossicle
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 \n

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Podia of a red feather star (Himerometra robustipinna)More about this feather star on the wildfacts sheets on wildsingapore.\n

\nFor a high res version of this photo, please review the details on about using my photos. When making the request, please include this reference: 120123hntd5776", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "DateTimeOriginal": { "value": "2012-01-23 22:08", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Credit": { "value": "Red feather star (Himerometra robustipinna)", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Artist": { "value": "Ria Tan from singapore", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "LicenseShortName": { "value": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "UsageTerms": { "value": "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "AttributionRequired": { "value": "true", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "LicenseUrl": { "value": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Copyrighted": { "value": "True", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "Restrictions": { "value": "", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "License": { "value": "cc-by-sa-2.0", "source": "commons-templates", "hidden": "" } }, "mime": "image/jpeg" }, "error": "Not attempted after the Wikimedia image service returned HTTP 429; source link retained", "accessibility_attempted": false }, { "file_title": "Digitally_cropped_NHMMZ_PWL_2021-6145-LS_Monstrocrinus_granosus.png", "retrieved": "2026-10-31", "status": "deferred_rate_limit", "source_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Digitally_cropped_NHMMZ_PWL_2021-6145-LS_Monstrocrinus_granosus.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "description_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Digitally_cropped_NHMMZ_PWL_2021-6145-LS_Monstrocrinus_granosus.png", "author": "Published by Bohatý, J., Poschmann, M. J., Müller, P., & Ausich, W. I.", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "metadata_status": "available", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "credit": "Bohatý, J., Poschmann, M. J., Müller, P., & Ausich, W. I. (2023). Putting a crinoid on a stalk: new evidence on the Devonian diplobathrid camerate Monstrocrinus. 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NHMMZ PWL 2021/6145-LS), M. granosus Schmidt, 1941, from the uppermost section of the Emsian Orthocrinus Beds (Polygnathus costatus patulus Conodont Biozone) of the former brick factory in the Osterbachtal, northwest of Olpe-Lütringhausen (administrative district Arnsberg, Sauerland, North Rhine–Westphalia, Germany). The specimen in matrix shows a longer part of stem, partly articulated spines, especially spine types 1 and 7 (T1 and T7), which are well preserved, and brachials preserved. The specimen shows evidence of non-lethal predation of its arms in which the distal portions are narrower than the proximal arms. Similarly, in two rays on the right portion of the organism, the free arm bifurcation is lower than in other arms, and the arms above the bifurcation are narrower. Scale bar = 3 cm.\nCaption from: Bohatý, J., Poschmann, M. J., Müller, P., & Ausich, W. I. (2023). Putting a crinoid on a stalk: new evidence on the Devonian diplobathrid camerate Monstrocrinus. 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I.", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "LicenseShortName": { "value": "CC BY 4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "UsageTerms": { "value": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "AttributionRequired": { "value": "true", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "LicenseUrl": { "value": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Copyrighted": { "value": "True", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "Restrictions": { "value": "", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "License": { "value": "cc-by-4.0", "source": "commons-templates", "hidden": "" } }, "mime": "image/png" }, "error": "Not attempted after the Wikimedia image service returned HTTP 429; source link retained", "accessibility_attempted": false }, { "file_title": "Crinoid_and_comatule.jpg", "retrieved": "2026-10-31", "status": "deferred_rate_limit", "source_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Crinoid_and_comatule.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "description_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crinoid_and_comatule.jpg", "author": "NOAA Photo Library", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "metadata_status": "available", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "credit": "Flickr: expl5409", "raw_imageinfo": { "size": 1058710, "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Crinoid_and_comatule.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "descriptionurl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crinoid_and_comatule.jpg", "descriptionshorturl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32511819", "sha1": "b1e151fb9b23366557559b585a91e749e50190df", "extmetadata": { "DateTime": { "value": "2014-05-02 12:03:59", "source": "mediawiki-metadata", "hidden": "" }, "ObjectName": { "value": "Crinoid and comatule", "source": "mediawiki-metadata" }, "CommonsMetadataExtension": { "value": 1.2, "source": "extension", "hidden": "" }, "Categories": { "value": "Flickr images uploaded by Flickr upload bot|Unidentified Comatulida|Unidentified Crinoidea|OKEANOS Explorer Program NOAA|NOAA pictures uploaded by FredD", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "Assessments": { "value": "", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "ImageDescription": { "value": "

A large yellow-white feather star crinoid and a red feather star crinoid in the center. This region has a spectacular diversity of crinoids.\n

Image ID: expl5409, Voyage To Inner Space - Exploring the Seas With NOAA Collect.
\nPhoto Date: 2010 July 3.
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\nCredit: NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, INDEX-SATAL 2010.", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "DateTimeOriginal": { "value": "2013-09-10 16:42:53", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Credit": { "value": "Flickr: expl5409", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Artist": { "value": "NOAA Photo Library", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Permission": { "value": "\n\n\n\n\n
\nThis image, which was originally posted to Flickr, was uploaded to Commons using Flickr upload bot on 2 May 2014, 12:03 by FredD. On that date, it was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the license indicated.\n\n
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This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.
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You are free:\n
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Reconstruction: Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Semenov & others, 2021, fig. 2). Length of the arm ~5.0 cm.\nCaption from: Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "DateTimeOriginal": { "value": "2025-11-13", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Credit": { "value": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Artist": { "value": "Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Semenov & others, 2021, fig. 2). Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. 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Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. Ausich", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "metadata_status": "available", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "credit": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "raw_imageinfo": { "size": 146629, "width": 1509, "height": 957, "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Life_reconstruction_of_a_calceocrinid.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "descriptionurl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_reconstruction_of_a_calceocrinid.jpg", "descriptionshorturl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=178472175", "sha1": "2336c40b6ba59ce567dbaeba1b2afa7978db0b8b", "extmetadata": { "DateTime": { "value": "2025-11-14 21:52:48", "source": "mediawiki-metadata", "hidden": "" }, "ObjectName": { "value": "Life reconstruction of a calceocrinid", "source": "mediawiki-metadata" }, "CommonsMetadataExtension": { "value": 1.2, "source": "extension", "hidden": "" }, "Categories": { "value": "Calceocrinidae|Media from Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "Assessments": { "value": "", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "ImageDescription": { "value": "Life reconstruction of a calceocrinid. Reconstruction: Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Ausich & others, 1999, fig. 29). Width of the calyx ~1.0 cm.\nCaption from: Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "DateTimeOriginal": { "value": "2025-11-13", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Credit": { "value": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Artist": { "value": "Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Ausich & others, 1999, fig. 29). Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. Ausich", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "LicenseShortName": { "value": "CC BY 4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "UsageTerms": { "value": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "AttributionRequired": { "value": "true", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "LicenseUrl": { "value": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Copyrighted": { "value": "True", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "Restrictions": { "value": "", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "License": { "value": "cc-by-4.0", "source": "commons-templates", "hidden": "" } }, "mime": "image/jpeg" }, "error": "Not attempted after the Wikimedia image service returned HTTP 429; source link retained", "accessibility_attempted": false }, { "file_title": "Life_reconstruction_of_a_roveacrinid.png", "retrieved": "2026-10-31", "status": "deferred_rate_limit", "source_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Life_reconstruction_of_a_roveacrinid.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "description_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_reconstruction_of_a_roveacrinid.png", "author": "Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Brodacki, 2006, fig. 1). Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. Ausich", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "metadata_status": "available", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "credit": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "raw_imageinfo": { "size": 205647, "width": 1509, "height": 463, "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Life_reconstruction_of_a_roveacrinid.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "descriptionurl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_reconstruction_of_a_roveacrinid.png", "descriptionshorturl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=178472180", "sha1": "1c217aa1825f237a1a939f5fac75ea7082940d12", "extmetadata": { "DateTime": { "value": "2025-11-14 21:52:49", "source": "mediawiki-metadata", "hidden": "" }, "ObjectName": { "value": "Life reconstruction of a roveacrinid", "source": "mediawiki-metadata" }, "CommonsMetadataExtension": { "value": 1.2, "source": "extension", "hidden": "" }, "Categories": { "value": "Roveacrinida|Media from Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "Assessments": { "value": "", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "ImageDescription": { "value": "Life reconstruction of a roveacrinid. Reconstruction: Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Brodacki, 2006, fig. 1). Width of the calyx ~2.0 mm.\nCaption from: Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "DateTimeOriginal": { "value": "2025-11-13", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Credit": { "value": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Artist": { "value": "Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Brodacki, 2006, fig. 1). Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. Ausich", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "LicenseShortName": { "value": "CC BY 4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "UsageTerms": { "value": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "AttributionRequired": { "value": "true", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "LicenseUrl": { "value": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Copyrighted": { "value": "True", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "Restrictions": { "value": "", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "License": { "value": "cc-by-4.0", "source": "commons-templates", "hidden": "" } }, "mime": "image/png" }, "error": "Not attempted after the Wikimedia image service returned HTTP 429; source link retained", "accessibility_attempted": false }, { "file_title": "Life_reconstruction_of_an_ammonicrinid.png", "retrieved": "2026-10-31", "status": "deferred_rate_limit", "source_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Life_reconstruction_of_an_ammonicrinid.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "description_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_reconstruction_of_an_ammonicrinid.png", "author": "Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Bohatý, 2011, fig. 7). Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. Ausich", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "metadata_status": "available", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "credit": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "raw_imageinfo": { "size": 503514, "width": 1382, "height": 662, "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Life_reconstruction_of_an_ammonicrinid.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "descriptionurl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_reconstruction_of_an_ammonicrinid.png", "descriptionshorturl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=178472186", "sha1": "5e7313d3675909f71f8590a7a2d72ad81cb4ca93", "extmetadata": { "DateTime": { "value": "2025-11-14 21:52:54", "source": "mediawiki-metadata", "hidden": "" }, "ObjectName": { "value": "Life reconstruction of an ammonicrinid", "source": "mediawiki-metadata" }, "CommonsMetadataExtension": { "value": 1.2, "source": "extension", "hidden": "" }, "Categories": { "value": "Crinoidea fossils|Ammonicrinidae|Media from Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "Assessments": { "value": "", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "ImageDescription": { "value": "Life reconstruction of an ammonicrinid. Reconstruction: Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Bohatý, 2011, fig. 7). Width of the median columnal ~1.0 cm.\nCaption from: Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "DateTimeOriginal": { "value": "2025-11-13", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Credit": { "value": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Artist": { "value": "Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Bohatý, 2011, fig. 7). Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. Ausich", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "LicenseShortName": { "value": "CC BY 4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "UsageTerms": { "value": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "AttributionRequired": { "value": "true", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "LicenseUrl": { "value": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Copyrighted": { "value": "True", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "Restrictions": { "value": "", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "License": { "value": "cc-by-4.0", "source": "commons-templates", "hidden": "" } }, "mime": "image/png" }, "error": "Not attempted after the Wikimedia image service returned HTTP 429; source link retained", "accessibility_attempted": false }, { "file_title": "Life_reconstruction_of_traumatocrinids.png", "retrieved": "2026-10-31", "status": "deferred_rate_limit", "source_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Life_reconstruction_of_traumatocrinids.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "description_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_reconstruction_of_traumatocrinids.png", "author": "Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Hess, 2010, fig. 7). Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. Ausich", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "metadata_status": "available", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "credit": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "raw_imageinfo": { "size": 594512, "width": 1505, "height": 1804, "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Life_reconstruction_of_traumatocrinids.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "descriptionurl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_reconstruction_of_traumatocrinids.png", "descriptionshorturl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=178472181", "sha1": "4db271c397174e8fcff6bb02204f9f7f2a46e75f", "extmetadata": { "DateTime": { "value": "2025-11-14 21:52:51", "source": "mediawiki-metadata", "hidden": "" }, "ObjectName": { "value": "Life reconstruction of traumatocrinids", "source": "mediawiki-metadata" }, "CommonsMetadataExtension": { "value": 1.2, "source": "extension", "hidden": "" }, "Categories": { "value": "Crinoidea fossils|Traumatocrinidae|Media from Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "Assessments": { "value": "", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "ImageDescription": { "value": "Life reconstruction of traumatocrinids. Reconstruction: Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Hess, 2010, fig. 7). Width of the calyx ~2.0 cm.\nCaption from: Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "DateTimeOriginal": { "value": "2025-11-13", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Credit": { "value": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Artist": { "value": "Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Hess, 2010, fig. 7). Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. 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Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. Ausich", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "metadata_status": "available", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "credit": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "raw_imageinfo": { "size": 154163, "width": 1509, "height": 1186, "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Life_reconstruction_of_Marsupites.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "descriptionurl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_reconstruction_of_Marsupites.jpg", "descriptionshorturl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=178472178", "sha1": "36ec9ec958ffe3097b51c8b29e693b5627157c0d", "extmetadata": { "DateTime": { "value": "2025-11-14 21:52:49", "source": "mediawiki-metadata", "hidden": "" }, "ObjectName": { "value": "Life reconstruction of Marsupites", "source": "mediawiki-metadata" }, "CommonsMetadataExtension": { "value": 1.2, "source": "extension", "hidden": "" }, "Categories": { "value": "Crinoidea fossils|Marsupites|Media from Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "Assessments": { "value": "", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "ImageDescription": { "value": "Life reconstruction of Marsupites. Reconstruction: Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Gorzelak & others, 2017, fig. 5). Width of the calyx ~3.0 cm.\nCaption from: Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "DateTimeOriginal": { "value": "2025-11-13", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Credit": { "value": "Gorzelak, P., Salamon, M. A., & Ausich, W. I. (2025). Treatise Online no. 192: Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Paleoecology and functional morphology of unusual crinoids: stretching the limits of the crinoid Bauplan. Treatise Online. https://doi.org/10.17161/to.vi.24794", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Artist": { "value": "Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Gorzelak & others, 2017, fig. 5). Published by P. Gorzelak, M. A. Salamon, and W. I. Ausich", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "LicenseShortName": { "value": "CC BY 4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "UsageTerms": { "value": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "AttributionRequired": { "value": "true", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "LicenseUrl": { "value": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "source": "commons-desc-page" }, "Copyrighted": { "value": "True", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "Restrictions": { "value": "", "source": "commons-desc-page", "hidden": "" }, "License": { "value": "cc-by-4.0", "source": "commons-templates", "hidden": "" } }, "mime": "image/jpeg" }, "error": "Not attempted after the Wikimedia image service returned HTTP 429; source link retained", "accessibility_attempted": false }, { "file_title": "Life_reconstruction_of_Crinobrachiatus_brachiatus.jpg", "retrieved": "2026-10-31", "status": "deferred_rate_limit", "source_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Life_reconstruction_of_Crinobrachiatus_brachiatus.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "description_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_reconstruction_of_Crinobrachiatus_brachiatus.jpg", "author": "Magdalena Łukowiak (based on Donovan & Sevastopulo, 1989, text-fig. 3 and Rohznov, 2021, fig. 8). 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Crawfordsville area, Montgomery County, Indiana, USA) 3", "raw_imageinfo": { "size": 3522884, "width": 1470, "height": 2872, "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Actinocrinites_gibsoni_%28fossil_crinoid%29_%28Edwardsville_Formation%2C_Lower_Mississippian%3B_Crawfordsville_area%2C_Montgomery_County%2C_Indiana%2C_USA%29_3_%2835110013894%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "descriptionurl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Actinocrinites_gibsoni_(fossil_crinoid)_(Edwardsville_Formation,_Lower_Mississippian;_Crawfordsville_area,_Montgomery_County,_Indiana,_USA)_3_(35110013894).jpg", "descriptionshorturl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=84690646", "sha1": "d86e2f83369733f1bbe9c56866fbf5626cf22cfa", "extmetadata": { "DateTime": { "value": "2019-12-07 18:07:44", "source": "mediawiki-metadata", "hidden": "" }, "ObjectName": { "value": "Actinocrinites gibsoni (fossil crinoid) (Edwardsville Formation, Lower Mississippian; 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Actinocrinites gibsoni Miller & Gurley, 1894 - fossil crinoid from the Mississippian of Indiana, USA. (Cincinnati Museum of Natural History & Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA)\n

Crinoids (sea lilies) are sessile, benthic, filter-feeding, stalked echinoderms that are relatively common in the marine fossil record. Crinoids are also a living group, but are relatively uncommon in modern oceans. A crinoid is essentially a starfish-on-a-stick. The stick, or stem, is composed of numerous stacked columnals, like small poker chips. Stems and individual columnals are the most commonly encountered crinoid fossils in the field. Intact, fossilized crinoid heads (crowns, calices, cups) are unusual. Why? Upon death, the crinoid body starts disintegrating very rapidly. The soft tissues holding the skeletal pieces together decay and the skeleton falls apart.\n

This is an articulated crown and stem of Platycrinus saffordi from the famous Crawfordsville crinoid fauna in Indiana. The deposit is well known for its abundance of exceptionally preserved, articulated fossil crinoids and other echinoderms. This crinoid occurrence is one of the most spectacular on Earth - it contains at least 63 different crinoid species (Ausich, 1999), many of which are quite sizable.\n

Classification: Animalia, Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Camerata, Monobathrida, Actinocrinitdae\n

Stratigraphy: Edwardsville Formation, Osagean Stage, upper Lower Mississippian\n

Locality: near Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, western Indiana, USA\n

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Reference cited:\n

Ausich, W.I. 1999. Lower Mississippian Edwardsville Formation at Crawfordsville, Indiana, USA. pp. 145-154 in Fossil Crinoids. Cambridge, U.K. Cambridge University Press.\n

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See info. at:\n

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Order:Isocrinida. \n
\n

Genus: Isocrinus. \n

Formation: Shamshak, Lower Jurassic. \n

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source link retained", "accessibility_attempted": false }, { "file_title": "Seirocrinus_subangularis_(fossil_Crinoid).jpg", "retrieved": "2026-10-31", "status": "deferred_rate_limit", "source_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Seirocrinus_subangularis_%28fossil_Crinoid%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "description_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seirocrinus_subangularis_(fossil_Crinoid).jpg", "author": "James St. John", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "metadata_status": "available", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "credit": "Seirocrinus subangularis (fossil crinoid) (Posidonia Shale, Lower Jurassic; Holzmaden area, Germany) 3", "raw_imageinfo": { "size": 6363069, "width": 4288, "height": 2848, "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Seirocrinus_subangularis_%28fossil_Crinoid%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original", "descriptionurl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seirocrinus_subangularis_(fossil_Crinoid).jpg", "descriptionshorturl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=71764187", "sha1": "8e0c5f74027e233f9fa52a64e837a526b0be4e74", "extmetadata": { "DateTime": { "value": "2018-08-19 12:00:10", "source": "mediawiki-metadata", "hidden": "" }, "ObjectName": { "value": "Seirocrinus subangularis (fossil Crinoid)", "source": "mediawiki-metadata" }, "CommonsMetadataExtension": { "value": 1.2, "source": "extension", "hidden": "" }, "Categories": { "value": "Crinoidea|Seirocrinus|Flickr images reviewed by FlickreviewR 2|Files from James St. John Flickr stream|Holzmaden Lagerstätte", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "Assessments": { "value": "", "source": "commons-categories", "hidden": "" }, "ImageDescription": { "value": "

Seirocrinus subangularis (Miller, 1821) - fossil crinoid from the Jurassic of Germany. (CM 34210, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA)\n

Crinoids (sea lilies) are sessile, benthic, filter-feeding, stalked echinoderms that are relatively common in the marine fossil record. Crinoids are also a living group, but are relatively uncommon in modern oceans. A crinoid is essentially a starfish-on-a-stick. The stick, or stem, is composed of numerous stacked columnals, like small poker chips. Stems and individual columnals are the most commonly encountered crinoid fossils in the field.\n

\n
\n

Classification: Animalia, Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Articulata, Isocrinida, Pentacrinitidae\n

Stratigraphy: Holzmaden Lagerstätte, Posidonia Shale, Toarcian Stage, upper Lower Jurassic\n

Locality: unrecorded/undisclosed site at or near the town of Holzmaden, southwestern Germany\n

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